Case File #0082

Sep 11, 2026 — 10 rounds, declassified. The fabrication in each is marked; the truth of all three follows. Play today's case →

  1. Round 1 HISTORY
    • ✗ FABRICATION

      Thomas Edison single-handedly invented the light bulb, with no earlier inventor ever having produced an electric lamp.

      FALSE — electric lamps existed before Edison; he improved a practical, longer-lasting bulb rather than inventing the idea.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Over his lifetime Thomas Edison was granted more than a thousand United States patents.

      TRUE — his name appears on 1,093 US patents.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Edison developed the phonograph, one of the earliest devices able to record and play back sound.

      TRUE — his 1877 phonograph could capture and reproduce the human voice.

  2. Round 2 GEOGRAPHY
    • ✓ TRUE

      Lake Baikal in Siberia is the deepest lake in the world and holds about a fifth of all unfrozen surface fresh water.

      TRUE. It plunges more than 1,600 metres and holds around 20 percent of the world's surface fresh water.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Lake Baikal is so old and isolated that it hosts many species found nowhere else, including a unique freshwater seal.

      TRUE. The Baikal seal is the world's only exclusively freshwater seal.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      Lake Baikal is a saltwater sea connected to the ocean, which is why seals are able to live there.

      FALSE. Baikal is a freshwater lake far inland; its seals are adapted to fresh water, not an ocean connection.

  3. Round 3 HISTORY
    • ✓ TRUE

      The Berlin Wall, which split East and West Berlin for decades, was finally opened in 1989.

      TRUE — the border opened on the night of 9 November 1989 amid mass demonstrations.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      West Germany built the Berlin Wall to stop East Germans from pouring into the prosperous capitalist west.

      FALSE — it was East Germany that built the Wall, and it was meant to stop its own citizens from fleeing westward.

    • ✓ TRUE

      The Berlin Wall stood for roughly twenty-eight years before it was opened to free passage.

      TRUE — it divided the city from 1961 until 1989.

  4. Round 4 NATURE
    • ✓ TRUE

      The Himalayas are still slowly rising because the Indian plate keeps pushing northward into the rest of Asia.

      TRUE — the ongoing collision continues to crumple and lift the range by millimeters each year.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      The summit of Mount Everest is dark volcanic rock, formed back when the mountain was an active volcano.

      FALSE — Everest was never a volcano; its summit is marine limestone, packed with fossils of creatures from an ancient sea floor.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Rock near Everest's summit contains the fossils of sea creatures that once lived on an ancient ocean floor.

      TRUE — the collision that raised the range lifted old seabed limestone, fossils and all, to the top of the world.

  5. Round 5 GEOGRAPHY
    • ✓ TRUE

      The Nile is one of the world's longest rivers and flows generally northward, emptying into the Mediterranean Sea.

      TRUE. Unusually, the Nile flows north and drains into the Mediterranean via its Egyptian delta.

    • ✓ TRUE

      The Amazon discharges more water into the ocean than any other river on Earth.

      TRUE. By sheer volume of water discharged, the Amazon dwarfs every other river.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      The Nile lies entirely within Egypt, running from its source to its mouth without leaving the country.

      FALSE. The Nile crosses many countries; its waters gather from the Great Lakes region and Ethiopia before reaching Egypt.

  6. Round 6 ANIMALS
    • ✓ TRUE

      A sloth moves so slowly that algae grows in its fur, giving it a greenish tint that helps it hide among leaves.

      TRUE. The algae thrives in the sloth's grooved fur and lends a green camouflage among the canopy.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Three-toed sloths climb down from their tree only about once a week, usually to defecate at the base of the trunk.

      TRUE. They make a risky weekly descent to the ground almost exclusively to relieve themselves.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      When threatened, a sloth can sprint at up to 15 kilometres an hour to outrun a predator.

      FALSE. Sloths are among the slowest mammals; on the ground they typically crawl at a fraction of a kilometre per hour.

  7. Round 7 LANGUAGE
    • ✓ TRUE

      The letter 'e' is the most commonly used letter in written English.

      TRUE. In typical English text, 'e' appears far more often than any other letter.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Words such as 'rhythm' and 'syzygy' contain no standard vowel letters (a, e, i, o, u) at all.

      TRUE. Both are spelled using only the letter 'y' where a vowel sound is needed.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      There is a single official English word that everyone agrees is the longest word in the language.

      FALSE. There is no universally agreed longest word; the answer depends on how you define a word and which dictionary you consult.

  8. Round 8 GEOGRAPHY
    • ✗ FABRICATION

      Portugal shares land borders with both Spain and France on the European mainland.

      FALSE. Portugal's only land border is with Spain; it does not touch France.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Spain and Portugal together make up most of the Iberian Peninsula.

      TRUE. The Iberian Peninsula is shared mainly by Spain and Portugal.

    • ✓ TRUE

      France borders many more countries than Portugal does, including Spain, Italy, and Germany.

      TRUE. France shares land borders with numerous nations, among them Spain, Italy, and Germany.

  9. Round 9 FOOD
    • ✓ TRUE

      Coffee's use as a brewed drink is strongly associated with its early spread through the Arabian Peninsula.

      TRUE. Brewed coffee culture took strong early root in Arabia, spreading through its ports and cities.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Coffee 'beans' are actually the seeds found inside the fruit of the coffee plant, often called cherries.

      TRUE. Each coffee 'bean' is a seed from inside a small red fruit, so 'bean' is really a seed.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      Espresso is made from a special species of coffee bean that is grown only at high altitudes in Italy.

      FALSE. Espresso is a brewing method using pressurized hot water; it is not a bean, and coffee is not commercially grown in Italy.

  10. Round 10 HISTORY
    • ✓ TRUE

      The Hundred Years' War between England and France actually ran longer than a century, from 1337 to 1453.

      TRUE — the conflict spanned 116 years of intermittent fighting.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      Joan of Arc led French forces to victory and was afterward crowned Queen of France in gratitude.

      FALSE — Joan was never queen; she was captured, tried, and burned at the stake in 1431.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Joan of Arc played a decisive role in lifting the English siege of Orléans in 1429.

      TRUE — her leadership at Orléans marked a turning point for the French cause.

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