Case File #0080

Sep 9, 2026 — 10 rounds, declassified. The fabrication in each is marked; the truth of all three follows. Play today's case →

  1. Round 1 GEOGRAPHY
    • ✓ TRUE

      The Equator passes through Ecuador, a country whose name is Spanish for "equator."

      TRUE. Ecuador is named for the Equator, which runs through the country.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      The Equator passes through the southern tip of India near the town of Kanyakumari.

      FALSE. The Equator does not reach India; the country's southern tip lies around eight degrees north of it.

    • ✓ TRUE

      The Equator crosses through parts of Brazil, including areas near the mouth of the Amazon.

      TRUE. The Equator runs across northern Brazil, near where the Amazon meets the sea.

  2. Round 2 SCIENCE
    • ✓ TRUE

      Fiber-optic cables carry data as pulses of light bouncing along thin strands of glass.

      TRUE. Light signals reflect down the glass fiber, carrying huge amounts of data quickly.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      Wi-Fi signals are a special kind of sound wave, which is why thick walls can muffle them.

      FALSE. Wi-Fi is radio (electromagnetic) waves, not sound; walls weaken them by absorbing radio energy.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Radio signals travel at the speed of light, so a call across the planet carries a tiny but real delay.

      TRUE. Even at light speed, long distances and relays add a small, noticeable lag.

  3. Round 3 FOOD
    • ✗ FABRICATION

      Worcestershire sauce was invented by ancient Roman soldiers who fermented fish with barley while stationed in Britain.

      FALSE. It is a 19th-century English creation from the city of Worcester, not a Roman military invention.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Worcestershire sauce is a fermented condiment whose ingredients include anchovies, vinegar, and tamarind.

      TRUE. The sauce's savory depth comes from fermented anchovies plus vinegar, tamarind, and spices.

    • ✓ TRUE

      The sauce originated in the English county of Worcestershire in the 1800s.

      TRUE. Worcestershire sauce takes its name and origin from that English county in the 19th century.

  4. Round 4 FOOD
    • ✗ FABRICATION

      The sandwich is named after a French village called Sandwich, famous for its bread-and-filling meals.

      FALSE. It is named after an 18th-century English noble titled the Earl of Sandwich, not a French village.

    • ✓ TRUE

      The sandwich's name is traditionally traced to an 18th-century English aristocrat who held the title Earl of Sandwich.

      TRUE. The popular story credits the Earl of Sandwich, who wanted a meal he could eat without leaving his table.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Eating fillings between or inside bread long predates the English name and appears across many cuisines.

      TRUE. Bread-wrapped foods existed worldwide long before the English word 'sandwich' was coined.

  5. Round 5 HISTORY
    • ✗ FABRICATION

      The guillotine was invented and personally operated by Joseph-Ignace Guillotin throughout the French Revolution's executions.

      FALSE — Guillotin only proposed a swifter, more humane method and even opposed the death penalty; others designed and ran the device.

    • ✓ TRUE

      The French Revolution erupted in 1789, marked by dramatic events including the storming of the Bastille.

      TRUE — the fall of the Bastille on 14 July 1789 became the Revolution's iconic moment.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Revolutionary France introduced a new calendar that replaced seven-day weeks with ten-day cycles.

      TRUE — the Republican calendar used ten-day 'décades' as part of decimalizing time.

  6. Round 6 SCIENCE
    • ✗ FABRICATION

      Batteries go dead in the cold because low temperatures crack the internal metal plates.

      FALSE. Cold simply slows the chemical reactions inside, cutting output; the plates don't crack.

    • ✓ TRUE

      A battery makes electricity through chemical reactions that push electrons from one terminal to the other.

      TRUE. Chemical reactions at the electrodes drive electrons through the external circuit.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Rechargeable batteries work by using an external current to reverse the chemical reaction inside them.

      TRUE. Charging forces the reaction backward, restoring the battery to its energized state.

  7. Round 7 GEOGRAPHY
    • ✓ TRUE

      Vatican City is the world's smallest independent country measured by land area.

      TRUE. Vatican City is the smallest sovereign state on Earth by area.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Monaco is the world's second-smallest country and hosts a famous Formula 1 street race.

      TRUE. Monaco is the second-smallest state and home to the Monaco Grand Prix.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      San Marino is a small island nation located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea.

      FALSE. San Marino is a landlocked microstate completely surrounded by Italy, not an island.

  8. Round 8 ANIMALS
    • ✓ TRUE

      Sharks have existed longer than trees have grown on land.

      TRUE — early sharks appeared over 400 million years ago, before the first true forests spread across land.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Sharks can sense the faint electric fields of nearby prey using jelly-filled pores called the ampullae of Lorenzini.

      TRUE — these electroreceptors detect the tiny electrical signals given off by living muscle, even in murky water.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      A shark's skeleton is made of lightweight hollow bones, like a bird's, to help it stay buoyant.

      FALSE — sharks have no bones at all; their skeleton is made of flexible, lighter-than-bone cartilage.

  9. Round 9 ANIMALS
    • ✓ TRUE

      Sea otters use rocks as tools to crack open shellfish, often keeping a favourite rock tucked in a loose pocket of skin under their arm.

      TRUE. They are one of the few mammals that use tools, storing a chosen stone in an armpit pouch.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Sea otters sometimes hold hands or wrap themselves in kelp while sleeping so they do not drift apart.

      TRUE. Holding paws and anchoring in kelp keeps resting rafts together.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      Sea otters keep warm with a thick layer of blubber, just like seals and whales.

      FALSE. Sea otters have almost no blubber; instead they rely on the densest fur of any animal to trap insulating air.

  10. Round 10 SPACE
    • ✓ TRUE

      Halley's Comet becomes visible from Earth roughly every 76 years, with its most recent appearance in 1986.

      TRUE. Its next return is expected around 2061, keeping to its long, predictable cycle.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      A comet's tail always trails directly behind it along its path, streaming back like a rocket's exhaust.

      FALSE. A comet's tail points away from the Sun, driven by solar wind and radiation, even when the comet is moving away.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Comets are often nicknamed 'dirty snowballs' because they are made largely of ice mixed with dust and rock.

      TRUE. As they near the Sun the ice vaporizes, releasing the gas and dust that form their glowing tails.

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