Case File #0071
Aug 31, 2026 — 10 rounds, declassified. The fabrication in each is marked; the truth of all three follows. Play today's case →
- Round 1 NATURE
- ✓ TRUE
A 'shooting star' is not a star at all but a small piece of space rock or dust burning up high in the atmosphere.
TRUE. The streak of light is a meteor — a meteoroid heated to incandescence by friction with the air.
- ✓ TRUE
Most meteors that create a visible streak are tiny, often no larger than a grain of sand.
TRUE. Even a dust-sized particle can produce a bright flash as it vaporises.
- ✗ FABRICATION
Shooting stars are real stars falling out of the sky, and each one leaves a gap in the night sky where the star used to be.
FALSE. The stars remain in place; what falls is a tiny meteoroid burning up, far closer than any star.
- ✓ TRUE
- Round 2 SPACE
- ✓ TRUE
The Hubble Space Telescope orbits Earth and has been returning astronomical observations since 1990.
TRUE. Launched aboard the shuttle in 1990, it has been serviced by astronauts and still operates.
- ✓ TRUE
A light-year measures distance, not time — specifically how far light travels over the course of one year.
TRUE. Despite the word 'year,' it's a unit of distance, roughly 9.5 trillion kilometers.
- ✗ FABRICATION
Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to the Sun at about four light-years, is bright enough to spot with the naked eye.
FALSE. Proxima Centauri is a dim red dwarf, far too faint to see without a telescope despite being closest.
- ✓ TRUE
- Round 3 FOOD
- ✓ TRUE
Coffee's use as a brewed drink is strongly associated with its early spread through the Arabian Peninsula.
TRUE. Brewed coffee culture took strong early root in Arabia, spreading through its ports and cities.
- ✓ TRUE
Coffee 'beans' are actually the seeds found inside the fruit of the coffee plant, often called cherries.
TRUE. Each coffee 'bean' is a seed from inside a small red fruit, so 'bean' is really a seed.
- ✗ FABRICATION
Espresso is made from a special species of coffee bean that is grown only at high altitudes in Italy.
FALSE. Espresso is a brewing method using pressurized hot water; it is not a bean, and coffee is not commercially grown in Italy.
- ✓ TRUE
- Round 4 GEOGRAPHY
- ✗ FABRICATION
Mount Kilimanjaro is the tallest mountain on Earth when measured from its base to its summit.
FALSE. Measured base-to-summit, Hawaii's Mauna Kea is tallest; Everest is highest above sea level.
- ✓ TRUE
Mount Everest is the highest point on Earth above sea level, reaching roughly 8,849 metres.
TRUE. Everest's summit is the highest land elevation measured from sea level.
- ✓ TRUE
Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in Africa and a free-standing volcano rising from surrounding plains.
TRUE. Kilimanjaro is Africa's tallest peak and famously stands alone rather than in a range.
- ✗ FABRICATION
- Round 5 HISTORY
- ✓ TRUE
The Wright brothers made the first sustained, powered, controlled airplane flights in 1903 at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
TRUE — their December 1903 flights are recognized as the first of their kind.
- ✓ TRUE
Before building aircraft, the Wright brothers ran a bicycle sales and repair shop in Dayton, Ohio.
TRUE — their bicycle business funded and informed their aeronautical experiments.
- ✗ FABRICATION
The Wright brothers' very first flight lasted well over an hour and covered more than thirty miles.
FALSE — the first flight lasted about twelve seconds and covered roughly 120 feet, not miles.
- ✓ TRUE
- Round 6 NATURE
- ✓ TRUE
A rainbow is actually a full circle of light; from the ground the horizon simply hides its lower half, so we see only an arc.
TRUE. A rainbow is a complete circle — pilots and skydivers sometimes see the whole ring.
- ✗ FABRICATION
A rainbow always shows exactly seven distinct colour bands, a count fixed by the physics of how light splits.
FALSE. A rainbow is a continuous spectrum with no fixed number of bands; 'seven colours' is a naming convention, not physics.
- ✓ TRUE
In the fainter secondary rainbow that can appear above the main one, the order of the colours is reversed.
TRUE. The outer bow of a double rainbow runs its colours in reverse, from a second internal reflection.
- ✓ TRUE
- Round 7 NATURE
- ✗ FABRICATION
A tree's age can be read from its rings, and the rings on the shaded north side are always spaced about twice as wide as those on the south.
FALSE — ring width tracks each year's growing conditions, not a fixed compass ratio; there's no reliable 2-to-1 north-south rule.
- ✓ TRUE
Trees can trade nutrients and pass warning signals to one another through underground fungal networks linking their roots.
TRUE — symbiotic fungi form networks that shuttle carbon, nutrients, and stress signals between connected trees.
- ✓ TRUE
The oldest known individual trees, bristlecone pines, have lived for more than 4,000 years.
TRUE — some Great Basin bristlecone pines are over 4,800 years old, among the oldest living non-clonal organisms.
- ✗ FABRICATION
- Round 8 LANGUAGE
- ✗ FABRICATION
The expression 'OK' originated solely as a shortening of 'Old Kinderhook', a US president's nickname, with no earlier written use.
FALSE. 'OK' first appeared in 1839 as a jokey misspelling standing for 'oll korrect'; the Old Kinderhook campaign later reinforced it but did not create it.
- ✓ TRUE
The word 'avocado' traces back, through Spanish, to a word in the Nahuatl language of central Mexico.
TRUE. Spanish 'aguacate' adapted the Nahuatl 'ahuacatl', which English then reshaped into 'avocado'.
- ✓ TRUE
The word 'muscle' comes from the Latin 'musculus', literally 'little mouse', from the way a flexing muscle seemed to ripple like a small animal.
TRUE. Romans thought a moving muscle under the skin resembled a scurrying mouse.
- ✗ FABRICATION
- Round 9 NATURE
- ✓ TRUE
Some bamboo species can grow nearly a metre in a single day, making them among the fastest-growing plants on Earth.
TRUE. Certain species set growth records of close to a metre per day under ideal conditions.
- ✓ TRUE
Bamboo is technically a grass, closely related to wheat, rice and lawn grasses.
TRUE. Despite its woody, tree-like size, bamboo belongs to the grass family Poaceae.
- ✗ FABRICATION
Bamboo flowers and produces seeds every single year, just like most common garden plants.
FALSE. Many bamboo species flower only once every several decades, sometimes in synchronised events across entire regions.
- ✓ TRUE
- Round 10 ANIMALS
- ✓ TRUE
A dolphin sleeps with one half of its brain at a time, keeping one eye open and surfacing to breathe.
TRUE. This 'unihemispheric' sleep lets it rest while staying alert enough to surface for air.
- ✓ TRUE
Dolphins use signature whistles that act like individual names, identifying themselves and calling to specific others.
TRUE. Each dolphin develops a personal whistle others use to address it.
- ✗ FABRICATION
Dolphins are fish and breathe underwater through gills, like other marine animals.
FALSE. Dolphins are air-breathing mammals that must surface to breathe through a blowhole, not gills.
- ✓ TRUE