Case File #0069

Aug 29, 2026 — 10 rounds, declassified. The fabrication in each is marked; the truth of all three follows. Play today's case →

  1. Round 1 SCIENCE
    • ✓ TRUE

      The Eiffel Tower can stand about 15 centimeters taller in summer, because its iron expands as it heats up.

      TRUE. Metals expand when warmed, so the tower literally grows a bit in the summer sun.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Under certain conditions, hot water can freeze faster than cold water, an effect named after Erasto Mpemba.

      TRUE. This counterintuitive Mpemba effect has been observed, though the exact reasons are still debated.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      Metal feels colder than wood in the same room because metal naturally sits a few degrees below room temperature.

      FALSE. Both are at the same temperature; metal only feels colder because it pulls heat from your hand much faster.

  2. Round 2 HISTORY
    • ✗ FABRICATION

      The guillotine was invented and personally operated by Joseph-Ignace Guillotin throughout the French Revolution's executions.

      FALSE — Guillotin only proposed a swifter, more humane method and even opposed the death penalty; others designed and ran the device.

    • ✓ TRUE

      The French Revolution erupted in 1789, marked by dramatic events including the storming of the Bastille.

      TRUE — the fall of the Bastille on 14 July 1789 became the Revolution's iconic moment.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Revolutionary France introduced a new calendar that replaced seven-day weeks with ten-day cycles.

      TRUE — the Republican calendar used ten-day 'décades' as part of decimalizing time.

  3. Round 3 GEOGRAPHY
    • ✓ TRUE

      Lake Baikal in Siberia is the deepest freshwater lake in the world.

      TRUE. Baikal is the deepest freshwater lake, plunging over 1,600 metres.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      Lake Victoria in Africa is the deepest lake on Earth, dropping more than 1,600 metres at its centre.

      FALSE. Lake Victoria is quite shallow (around 80 m); Baikal is the deepest lake, not Victoria.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Lake Baikal holds roughly a fifth of the world's unfrozen fresh surface water.

      TRUE. Baikal alone contains about 20% of Earth's unfrozen fresh surface water.

  4. Round 4 ANIMALS
    • ✓ TRUE

      Hummingbirds can hover in place and are the only birds capable of sustained backward flight.

      TRUE — their figure-eight wingstroke generates lift on both the forward and backward sweep, enabling true backward flight.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      Tiny hummingbirds survive long migrations by riding on the backs of larger geese for part of the journey.

      FALSE — this is an old folk myth; hummingbirds fly entirely under their own power, and ruby-throated ones cross the Gulf of Mexico nonstop.

    • ✓ TRUE

      A hummingbird's heart can beat more than 1,000 times per minute during vigorous activity.

      TRUE — heart rates well over 1,000 beats per minute support their extreme metabolism.

  5. Round 5 HISTORY
    • ✓ TRUE

      The Hundred Years' War between England and France actually ran longer than a century, from 1337 to 1453.

      TRUE — the conflict spanned 116 years of intermittent fighting.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      Joan of Arc led French forces to victory and was afterward crowned Queen of France in gratitude.

      FALSE — Joan was never queen; she was captured, tried, and burned at the stake in 1431.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Joan of Arc played a decisive role in lifting the English siege of Orléans in 1429.

      TRUE — her leadership at Orléans marked a turning point for the French cause.

  6. Round 6 NATURE
    • ✓ TRUE

      The salt in the ocean comes mainly from rocks on land, dissolved by rain and carried to the sea by rivers over millions of years.

      TRUE. Weathering releases dissolved minerals that rivers steadily deliver to the ocean.

    • ✓ TRUE

      The Dead Sea is so salty that people float in it with almost no effort.

      TRUE. Its extreme salt content makes the water much denser than a human body.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      Adding salt to water makes it freeze at a higher temperature, which is why the sea ices over faster than a freshwater lake.

      FALSE. Salt lowers the freezing point, so salty seawater freezes at a lower temperature than fresh water.

  7. Round 7 SCIENCE
    • ✗ FABRICATION

      Sugar dissolves faster in cold water than hot, because cold water molecules grip the sugar more tightly.

      FALSE. Sugar dissolves faster in hot water; the added heat gives molecules more energy to break the sugar apart.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Stirring a solution speeds up dissolving by bringing fresh solvent into contact with the solid.

      TRUE. Stirring sweeps away saturated liquid at the surface, letting more solid dissolve.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Carbonated drinks fizz more when warm, because gases dissolve less easily in liquids at higher temperatures.

      TRUE. Warmth drives dissolved carbon dioxide out of solution, so warm soda foams more.

  8. Round 8 NATURE
    • ✓ TRUE

      The ocean generates a large share of Earth's oxygen, much of it produced by photosynthesizing plankton near the surface.

      TRUE — marine phytoplankton are estimated to produce roughly half of the planet's oxygen.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Sound travels several times faster through water than through air.

      TRUE — sound moves about 1,500 m/s in seawater versus about 340 m/s in air, roughly four times faster.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      The Mariana Trench is so deep that sunlight only reaches its bottom around midday.

      FALSE — no sunlight reaches the bottom at all; light fades out within the first kilometer, and the trench floor lies near 11 km down in total darkness.

  9. Round 9 LANGUAGE
    • ✓ TRUE

      Esperanto is a constructed international language created in the late nineteenth century to be easy to learn as a neutral second language.

      TRUE. It was published in 1887 with regular grammar and roots drawn largely from European languages.

    • ✓ TRUE

      A famously long English word, 'pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis', was coined to name a lung disease caused by inhaling fine dust.

      TRUE. It is a deliberately constructed term for a silica-dust lung condition and appears in some dictionaries.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      The word 'quiz' was invented overnight in 1791 by a Dublin theatre owner named Daly, who bet he could coin a meaningless word and spread it across the city.

      FALSE. The Daly wager is an unsubstantiated anecdote; 'quiz' appears in use in senses that predate 1791, so the invention story does not hold.

  10. Round 10 NATURE
    • ✓ TRUE

      The Himalayas are still slowly rising because the Indian plate keeps pushing northward into the rest of Asia.

      TRUE — the ongoing collision continues to crumple and lift the range by millimeters each year.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      The summit of Mount Everest is dark volcanic rock, formed back when the mountain was an active volcano.

      FALSE — Everest was never a volcano; its summit is marine limestone, packed with fossils of creatures from an ancient sea floor.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Rock near Everest's summit contains the fossils of sea creatures that once lived on an ancient ocean floor.

      TRUE — the collision that raised the range lifted old seabed limestone, fossils and all, to the top of the world.

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