Case File #0064

Aug 24, 2026 — 10 rounds, declassified. The fabrication in each is marked; the truth of all three follows. Play today's case →

  1. Round 1 SPACE
    • ✓ TRUE

      Olympus Mons on Mars rises roughly 22 kilometers high, making it the tallest known volcano in the solar system.

      TRUE. It stands about two and a half times the height of Mount Everest above the surrounding plains.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Mars has two small moons, Phobos and Deimos, named for the Greek figures of fear and dread.

      TRUE. Phobos means fear and Deimos means dread, sons of the war god who fits the planet Mars.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      Phobos is slowly spiraling away from Mars and will eventually break free to become an independent asteroid.

      FALSE. Phobos is spiraling inward, not outward, and is expected to crash into Mars or shatter into a ring.

  2. Round 2 FOOD
    • ✓ TRUE

      Pineapples are native to South America and were encountered by Europeans in the Caribbean in the late 15th century.

      TRUE. The pineapple originated in South America and Europeans first met it during Caribbean voyages around 1493.

    • ✓ TRUE

      In 18th-century Europe, pineapples were rare luxuries and were sometimes rented out as dinner-table centerpieces.

      TRUE. Pineapples were so costly that hosts displayed, and even rented, them as status symbols rather than eating them.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      The pineapple got its English name because early botanists placed it in the same plant family as pine trees.

      FALSE. It was named for looking like a pine cone; the pineapple is a bromeliad and unrelated to pine trees.

  3. Round 3 GEOGRAPHY
    • ✓ TRUE

      Iceland is greener and milder than its name implies, while Greenland is largely covered by ice.

      TRUE. The names are misleading: Iceland has green lowlands and Greenland is mostly ice sheet.

    • ✓ TRUE

      The country of Georgia in the Caucasus shares its name with the U.S. state of Georgia.

      TRUE. There is both a country and a U.S. state called Georgia.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      New York City was the first U.S. capital and still serves as the seat of the federal government today.

      FALSE. New York was an early capital, but the U.S. seat of government is now Washington, D.C.

  4. Round 4 LANGUAGE
    • ✓ TRUE

      The dot placed above a lowercase 'i' and 'j' has its own name: it is called a 'tittle'.

      TRUE. 'Tittle' means a tiny mark, and it survives in the phrase 'jot and tittle'.

    • ✓ TRUE

      The Hawaiian alphabet is one of the world's shortest, using only about thirteen letters in total.

      TRUE. It has five vowels and eight consonants (counting the glottal-stop okina), so many sounds are spelled with very few letters.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      The symbol '&' is called the ampersand, a name taken from a Parisian printer, Andre Amper, who introduced it into French type in the 1730s.

      FALSE. 'Ampersand' is a slurring of the schoolroom phrase 'and per se and', once recited at the end of the alphabet; no printer named Amper is involved.

  5. Round 5 ANIMALS
    • ✓ TRUE

      A cuttlefish can change its skin colour, pattern and even texture in under a second.

      TRUE. Specialised pigment cells and skin muscles let it shift appearance almost instantly.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Inside a cuttlefish is a porous internal shell, the cuttlebone, which helps it control buoyancy and is often given to pet birds.

      TRUE. The gas-and-mineral cuttlebone acts as a buoyancy aid and a calcium supplement for caged birds.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      Cuttlefish are true fish, belonging to the same vertebrate group as sharks and rays.

      FALSE. Despite the name, they are not fish at all — they are cephalopods, marine molluscs related to octopus and squid.

  6. Round 6 LANGUAGE
    • ✓ TRUE

      The letter 'e' is the most commonly used letter in written English.

      TRUE. In typical English text, 'e' appears far more often than any other letter.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Words such as 'rhythm' and 'syzygy' contain no standard vowel letters (a, e, i, o, u) at all.

      TRUE. Both are spelled using only the letter 'y' where a vowel sound is needed.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      There is a single official English word that everyone agrees is the longest word in the language.

      FALSE. There is no universally agreed longest word; the answer depends on how you define a word and which dictionary you consult.

  7. Round 7 HISTORY
    • ✗ FABRICATION

      The Great Wall of China is a single unbroken wall, and it is the one human structure clearly visible from the Moon.

      FALSE — it is many disconnected walls from different dynasties, and it cannot be seen from the Moon with the naked eye.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Sections of China's northern border walls were built and rebuilt across many dynasties over roughly two thousand years.

      TRUE — construction stretched from early states through the Ming, not a single building campaign.

    • ✓ TRUE

      The best-preserved and most famous stretches of the Great Wall were largely built during the Ming dynasty.

      TRUE — the brick-and-stone Ming walls are what most tourists visit today.

  8. Round 8 GEOGRAPHY
    • ✓ TRUE

      Nepal's national flag is the only non-rectangular national flag, formed from two stacked triangular pennants.

      TRUE. Nepal's flag is uniquely non-rectangular, made of two pennant shapes.

    • ✓ TRUE

      The flag of Japan shows a single red circle centred on a plain white field.

      TRUE. Japan's flag is a red sun disc on white, the Hinomaru.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      Denmark's flag, the Dannebrog, is the youngest national flag still in official use today.

      FALSE. The Dannebrog is regarded as the oldest continuously used national flag, not the youngest.

  9. Round 9 ANIMALS
    • ✓ TRUE

      The platypus is one of the very few mammals that lays eggs instead of giving birth to live young.

      TRUE. Along with echidnas, it is a monotreme — an egg-laying mammal.

    • ✓ TRUE

      The male platypus has a venomous spur on each hind leg, a rare feature among mammals.

      TRUE. The spur delivers a painful venom, mostly used in fights with rival males.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      A platypus's bill is a hard beak of solid bone, like a bird's, which it uses to crack open nuts.

      FALSE. The bill is soft, rubbery and leathery, packed with electroreceptors that detect the muscle movements of prey, not a bone nutcracker.

  10. Round 10 FOOD
    • ✓ TRUE

      Black tea and green tea come from the same plant, differing mainly in how the leaves are processed and oxidized.

      TRUE. Both come from Camellia sinensis; oxidation level during processing is what separates green from black.

    • ✗ FABRICATION

      Herbal 'teas' such as chamomile are made from Camellia sinensis leaves harvested before they develop caffeine.

      FALSE. Herbal infusions come from other plants entirely, not from the tea plant, and are more properly called tisanes.

    • ✓ TRUE

      Oolong tea is partially oxidized, sitting between green tea and black tea in its processing.

      TRUE. Oolong's partial oxidation places it in flavor and color between unoxidized green and fully oxidized black tea.

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